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Hepatitis is inflammation of liver parenchyma mostly caused by viruses and other factors. It’s a non-specific prodromal illness characterized by headache, myalgia, arthralgia, nausea, anorexia, dark urine, yellow discoloration of skin, mucosa, sclera and other tissues etc. Methodology: A diagnosed case of hepatitis, 37yrs old female patient, admitted in at Government Ayurvedic college & Hospital, Kadam Kaun, Patna, Having IPD No.1006, RN.7178. Based on symptoms, supported by blood investigation reports and Ayurvedic parameters, the condition diagnosed as Yakritsotha. Oral medicines given: Aryogyavardhini Vati, Punarnava Mandur, Shallaki, Syp. Kalmegh, Kasis Bhasm, Liv 52 HB, Phaltrikadi Kwatha, cap. Stresscom along with Pathya apathya ahara vihara were prescribed. Result: There was drastic decrease in all the symptoms. The effect of treatment was monitored during the follow up with routine blood examinations. The bilirubin level decreased from initial 6.2mg/dl to 1.0mg/dl. Discussion: This article is a discussion about a case of Hepatitis which was successfully treated by Ayurvedic line of treatment. The signs and symptoms, causes, pathos-physiology of Hepatitis, along with its co-relation in Ayurveda as Yakritsotha, its line of treatment and possible the mode of action of drugs were the main points of consideration. Conclusion: Use of medicines such as Aryogyavardhini Vati, Punarnava Mandur, Shallaki, Syp. Kalmegh, Kasis Bhasm, Liv 52 HB, Phaltrikadi Kwatha, cap. Stresscom along with Pathya apathy ahara vihara showed good result without any complication in the present study.
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Aim To explore the optimized tree shrews model of Alzheimer's disease through comparison of the pathology changes of brain neurons between the two kinds of tree shrew models.Methods Fifty tree shrews were randomly divided into five groups with 10 in each group:control group,high dose D-galactose combined with ibotenic acid (IBO) group,low dose D-galactose combined with IBO group [intraperitoneal injection D-galactose combined with IBO injection into bilateral basal nucleus of Meynert (BNM)],high dose Aβ25-35 combined with IBO group,and low dose Aβ25-35 combined with IBO group (injection into bilateral BNM).Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of brain neurons.The expressions of choline acetyltransterase (ChAT) and synaptophysin(SYP) in the brains were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Western blot was used to detect the expression of amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42),amyloid precursor protein (APP) and phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau).Results The HE staining showed there were different degrees of morphological changes in the brains of model groups.The changes in the high dose D-galactose and high dose Aβ25-35 combined with IBO group were more obvious than those in low dose D-galactose and Aβ25-35 combined with IBO group.Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the levels of ChAT and SYP in the model groups decreased compared with control group,and the decline in high dose Aβ25-35 combined with IBO group was more marked than that in low dose Aβ25-35 combined with IBO group(P ＜0.01).Western blot revealed that the levels of Aβ1-42,APP,p-tau in the model groups increased compared with control group,and the rise in high dose Aβ25-35 combined with IBO group was more apparent than that in low dose Aβ25-35 combined with IBO group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The method of modeling by Aβ25-35 combined with IBO injection into bilateral BNM is more suitable for the establishment of Alzheimer's disease model.
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A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of bistrifluron, cyantraniliprole and SYP9080 residues in fruits and vegetables. The analytes were extracted from samples with acetonitrile, and purified by dispersion solid phase extraction using C18 and primary secondary amine (PSA) as solid phase adsorbent, then analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Bistrifluron and SYP9080 were analyzed with negative ion multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM), cyantraniliprole was analyzed with positive ion MRM. The matrix-induced weakening effect was observed in the analysis of cyantraniliprole and SYP9080 in several samples including cucumber, apple and onion, and the weakening extent of the matrix-induced effect depended on the sample properties. But no matrix effect was found in the analysis of bistrifluron in several samples. The interference of matrix was reduced by using the matrix-matched calibration standards curve in the analysis of cyantraniliprole and SYP9080. Bistrifluron could be quantified by an external standard of the matrix-matched calibration standards or the pure solvent calibration standards. The linear range was from 0.2 μg/L to 100 μg/L for bistrifluron, cyantraniliprole and SYP9080 with the good correlation coefficients (r≥0.9990). The recoveries of cucumber, grape, apple and scallion added bistrifluron at 0.005-2 mg/kg were 79.8％-99.9％, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.6％-9.8％. The limits of quantification (S/N=10) were 0.210 μg/kg, 0.160 μg/kg and 0.004 μg/kg, and limits of detection (S/N=3) were 0.064 μg/kg, 0.048 μg/kg and 0.001 μg/kg for bistrifluron, cyantraniliprole and SYP9080, respectively.
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Aim To investigate the effect of polysac-charide of Cistanche deserticola ( CDPS) on the impro-ving ability of synaptic plasticity in memory acquisition impairment model mice induced by scopolamine. Methods The KM mice were randomly divided into six groups:scopolamine group, control group, CDPS-treated (25, 50, 100 mg·kg-1 ) group and donepezil group. Memory acquisition impairment model in mice was established with i. p. scopolamine (4 mg·kg-1 ) only once, and orally administered CDPS (25, 50, or 100 mg · kg-1 ) daily for 6 weeks before scopolamine injection. Experimental groups were subjected to step-down test and Morris water maze test. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis were used to examine the expression of GAP-43 , SYP and PSD-95 . Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the change of synaptic number and structures. Results CDPS (25,50,100 mg·kg-1 ) could shorten the incubation period of mice in the water maze test. Control group and CDPS-treated group swam longer in Q3 than scopolamine group. Mo-reover, CDPS (50,100 mg·kg-1 ) could significantly reduce the error times and extend the incubation period in the step-down test. The results of Western blot and RT-PCR showed that CDPS significantly improved the expression of GAP-43 at the dose of 25 ,50 mg · kg-1 and SYP at the dose of 25,50, 100 mg·kg-1 in hip-pocampus of mice. However, the biochemical assays did not reveal a significant difference in the basal hipp-ocampal levels of the PSD-95 . The ultra-thin speci-mens of hippocampus showed that the number of syn- apse was increased in CDPS-treated group. Conclu-sions Scopolamine can induce the learning and mem-ory deficits in mice to make related protein expression abnormalities in hippocampus mice, thus this causes the change of synaptic plasticity, which leads to a change in the ability of learning and memory. And CDPS can improve the expression of SYP and GAP-43 , increase number of synapses, recover synaptic plastici-ty, and improve the ability of learning and memory in mice.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the secondary metabolites of the endophyte fungus Alternaria tenuissima SY-P-07. METHODS: The ethyl acetate extracts and acetone extracts were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC techniques. And their structures were identified by the physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. RESULTS: Eleven compounds were obtained from the static liquid culture of endophyte fungus Alternaria tenuissima SY-P-07.They were identified as dihydroalterperylenol (1), alterperylenol (2), 6-epi-stemphytriol (3), 7-epi-8-hydroxyaltertoxin 1 (4), stemphyperylenol (5), flazin (6), (2R, 3R)-3, 5, 7, 3′, 5′-pentahydroxyflavane (7), solanapyrone G (8), (22E, 24S)-ergsta-7, 22-diene-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (9), 3β, 5α, 9β-trihydroxy-(22E, 24R)-ergosta-7, 22-dien-6-one (10), and 5α, 8α-epi-dioxy-(22E, 24R)-ergosta-6, 22-dien-3β-ol(11). CONCLUSION: Compounds 3-10 are isolated from Alternaria tenuissima for the first time; compounds 6, 7, 8 and 10 are isolated from endophyte fungus Alternaria sp. for the first time.
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Objective To explore the function and mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi (DHYZ) in promoting learning and memory and delaying brain aging. Methods The Wistar rats aged 20 months were randomly assigned to receive oral administration of 6, 12, 18 g?kg~ -1 ?d~ -1 DHYZ, or 2 ml/d normal saline (control) for 30 d (n=12 in each group), then space memory was detected with Morris Water Maze, and expression of synaptophysin (SYP) and extracellular regulated protein (ERK) were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Rats administrated with DHYZ showed shorter mean escape latency (P